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Vol. 60. Issue 1.
Pages 34-42 (January - March 2025)
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Vol. 60. Issue 1.
Pages 34-42 (January - March 2025)
Original article
Improving quality of life through a cardiac rehabilitation program: a 4-wave longitudinal study
Mejora de la calidad de vida mediante un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca: un estudio longitudinal de 4 tiempos
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M. José Ferreira-Díaza,
Corresponding author
mariajose.ferreira@usc.es

Corresponding author.
, Ana Laguíab, Gabriela Topab
a Unidad de Rehabilitación Cardiaca, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
b Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
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Figures (2)
Tables (7)
Table 1. Characteristics of the participants.
Tables
Table 2. Scores for the domains of the SF-36 questionnaire at the four moments.
Tables
Table 3. Domain scores between the first visit (time 1) and the last visit (time 4).
Tables
Table 4. Scores at the first (T1) and fourth visit (T4) according to educational level.
Tables
Table 5. Differences at T1 and T4 for anxiety/stress.
Tables
Table 6. Differences at timepoint 1 and timepoint 4 according to physical activity.
Tables
Table 7. Differences at timepoint 1 and timepoint 4 according to healthy eating.
Tables
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Abstract
Introduction and objectives

Given the importance of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in the world, and the fact that in Spain only 2–3% of the population can benefit from access to cardiac rehabilitation programs, the aim of this study is to consider the measurement of quality of life as a good indicator to determine the effectiveness of these programs. This longitudinal study evaluates the impact of a cardiac rehabilitation program on quality of life in a cohort of 181 patients at a Spanish hospital for 2 years.

Methods

Quality of life was assessed at four time points: on admission to the program, at discharge after 12 weeks, and at the 4- and 12-month revisions.

Results

The results show an increase in the perception of quality of life compared to the initial situation of the patients at the time of admission to the rehabilitation program, with positive results being observed in practically all the domains of the questionnaire, obtaining a higher score in the physical role domain.

Conclusions

This study shows that attendance at a cardiac rehabilitation program significantly improves self-perception of health, both physical and emotional.

Keywords:
Nursing
Quantitative research
Quality of life
Coronary disease
Cardiac rehabilitation program
Abbreviations:
HRQoL
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

Dada la importancia de las enfermedades cardiovasculares, primera causa de muerte en el mundo, y que en España solo el 2-3% de la población puede beneficiarse del acceso a programas de rehabilitación cardiaca, el objetivo de este estudio es considerar la medición de la calidad de vida como un buen indicador para determinar la efectividad de estos programas. Este estudio longitudinal evalúa el impacto de un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca sobre la calidad de vida en una cohorte de 181 pacientes de un hospital español durante 2 años.

Métodos

La calidad de vida se evaluó en 4 momentos: al ingreso en el programa, al alta tras 12 semanas, y en las revisiones a los 4 y 12 meses.

Resultados

Los resultados muestran un incremento en la percepción de la calidad de vida respecto a la situación inicial de los pacientes en el momento del ingreso en el programa de rehabilitación, y se observaron resultados positivos en prácticamente todos los dominios del cuestionario; la mayor puntuación se obtuvo en el dominio de rol físico.

Conclusiones

Este estudio muestra que la asistencia a un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca mejora significativamente la autopercepción de la salud, tanto física como emocional.

Palabras clave:
Enfermería
Investigación cuantitativa
Calidad de vida
Enfermedad coronaria
Programa de rehabilitación cardiaca

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