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Vol. 59. Issue 4.
Pages 278-284 (October - December 2024)
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Vol. 59. Issue 4.
Pages 278-284 (October - December 2024)
Original article
Underuse of systemic thrombolysis in pulmonary embolism: A single center retrospective observational study
Infrautilización de la trombolisis sistémica en la embolia pulmonar. Estudio observacional retrospectivo de un solo centro
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Mónica Diasa,
Corresponding author
monica.dias_96@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Rodrigo Silvaa, Fernando Ribeiro Manéa, Inês Condea, Sofia Fernandesa, Carla Ferreiraa, Filipe Vilelaa, Olga Piresb, Nuno Saloméa
a Cardiology Department, Hospital of Braga, Braga, Portugal
b Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Braga, Braga, Portugal
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Pablo Salinas
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Figures (1)
Tables (5)
Table 1. Main comorbidities in patients with pulmonary embolism.
Tables
Table 2. Risk stratification of patients with pulmonary embolism.
Tables
Table 3. Indicators of risk in patients with pulmonary embolism.
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Table 4. Acute-phase treatment of patients with pulmonary embolism.
Tables
Table 5. Characteristics of patients diagnosed with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension at follow-up (n=24).
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Abstract
Introduction and objectives

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most frequent acute cardiovascular syndrome. Systemic thrombolysis is the treatment of choice in patients with high-risk PE. The aim of this study is to analyze the patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism at the emergency department, acute treatment decisions and the main outcomes.

Methods

A single-center retrospective observational study was conducted in patients with the diagnosis of PE at the emergency department over a period of 3 years, followed by a one-year period of follow-up. Reported P values below .05 indicate statistical significance.

Results

A total of 240 patients presented the diagnosis of PE, with a mean age of 69.2 (± 17.4) years. Nearly a third of patients were classified with high or intermediate-high risk PE, but systemic thrombolysis was only performed in nine patients (3.8%). Among the high-risk PE subgroup, age (P=.06), gender (P=.54) and the existence of absolute and/or relative contraindications for thrombolysis (P=.99) were not predictors of the decision of non-revascularization. At the end of the follow-up period, 23.9% of the patients reported persisting symptoms, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension was documented in 12.8% of the patients.

Conclusions

Acute treatment of pulmonary embolism is imperative to reduce mortality and prevent long-term sequelae. Systemic thrombolysis is the first line therapy in high-risk patients, but it is underused by medical population even in the absence of formal contraindications. It is necessary a new national-level model of actuation, implementing alternative strategies such as interventional ones to improve outcomes.

Keywords:
Fibrinolysis
Pulmonary embolism
Thrombolysis
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

La embolia pulmonar (EP) aguda es el tercer síndrome cardiovascular agudo más frecuente. La trombolisis sistémica es el tratamiento de elección en los pacientes con EP de alto riesgo. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los pacientes diagnosticados de EP en urgencias, las decisiones de tratamiento agudo y los principales resultados.

Métodos

Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo unicéntrico en pacientes con diagnóstico de EP en el servicio de urgencias durante un periodo de 3 años, seguido de un periodo de seguimiento de un año. Los valores de p inferiores a 0,05 indican significación estadística.

Resultados

Un total de 240 pacientes presentaron el diagnóstico de EP, con una edad media de 69,2 (± 17,4) años. Casi un tercio de los pacientes se clasificaron con EP de riesgo alto o intermedio/alto, pero solo se realizó trombolisis sistémica en 9 pacientes (3,8%). En el subgrupo de alto riesgo, la edad (p=0,06), el sexo (p=0,54) y la existencia de contraindicaciones absolutas o relativas para la trombolisis (p=0,99) no fueron factores predictivos de la decisión de no revascularización. Al final del periodo de seguimiento, el 23,9% de los pacientes refirieron síntomas persistentes, y se documentó hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica en el 12,8% de los pacientes.

Conclusiones

El tratamiento agudo de la embolia pulmonar es imprescindible para reducir la mortalidad y prevenir secuelas a largo plazo. La trombolisis sistémica es la terapia de primera línea en los pacientes de alto riesgo, pero está infrautilizada por la población médica incluso en ausencia de contraindicaciones formales. Es necesario un nuevo modelo de actuación a nivel nacional, implementando estrategias alternativas como las intervencionistas para mejorar los resultados.

Palabras clave:
Fibrinólisis
Embolia pulmonar
Trombolisis

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