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Vol. 59. Issue 4.
Pages 303-309 (October - December 2024)
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Vol. 59. Issue 4.
Pages 303-309 (October - December 2024)
Original article
Recurrent stroke despite correct anticoagulation therapy with DOACs: Analysis of the real-life therapeutic approach
Ictus recurrente a pesar del tratamiento anticoagulante correcto con ACOD: análisis del abordaje terapéutico en la vida real
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Hakan Gökalp Uzuna,
Corresponding author
hakangokalpuzun@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Selim Ekincia, Muhammed Ali Şahina, Nazlıhan Ezgi Kavukb, Demet Funda Başb, Barış Kiliçaslana
a Department of Cardiology, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
b Department of Neurology, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study cohort.
Table 2. Numbers of different DOACs used prior to the stroke.
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Additional material (1)
Abstract
Introduction and objectives

Recurrent strokes persist despite the use of guideline-recommended direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). There is a scarcity of data concerning the current and optimal practices following a recurrent stroke while on DOACs. Consequently, our aim was to identify factors associated with this residual risk and to discern the current practice patterns among cardiologists and neurologists.

Methods

All consecutive patients with an acute cerebrovascular accident of any type and a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF) were retrospectively screened at our stroke center. We gathered demographic information, clinical risk scores (CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED), echocardiographic and laboratory findings, risk factors, the modified Rankin score, and information about the treatment modality. DOAC usage was classified as either inappropriate (due to self-reported non-adherence and/or incorrect DOAC dosage) or appropriate.

Results

A total of 77 patients with stroke despite treatment with DOACs were included in the analysis. Of these, 28 (36%) had received inappropriate treatment (20 of them due to inadequate dosing). These patients tended to be older (P=.06) and had lower creatinine levels than the group receiving appropriate DOACs (0.9 vs 1; P=.01). At hospital discharge following the index stroke, various anticoagulants were administered to 75 patients (enoxaparin, n=5; warfarin, n=10; DOAC, n=60). Two patients died and 20 patients were given antiplatelet therapy in addition to anticoagulants. The preferred DOACs after stroke were apixaban (n=27), followed by rivaroxaban (n=16), dabigatran (n=14) and edoxaban (n=3).

Conclusions

There is no standardized model or consensus among physicians regarding anticoagulant management. Despite the intended use of the drugs, strokes continue to occur in some patients. The 25% of strokes are related to inadequate dosage.

Keywords:
Real-world data
Recurrent stroke
Non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants
Direct oral anticoagulants
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

A pesar de un tratamiento anticoagulante correcto con anticoagulantes orales de acción directa (ACOD), puede existir cierto riesgo residual, y algunos pacientes sufren ictus recurrente. En la literatura existen pocos datos acerca de cuál es la forma óptima de tratar a estos pacientes, y de cuáles son las estrategias más utilizadas en la práctica clínica habitual. Nuestro objetivo fue identificar los factores asociados a este riesgo residual, y analizar los patrones de tratamiento adoptados por cardiólogos y neurólogos.

Métodos

Se incluyó de forma retrospectiva a todos los pacientes consecutivos con fibrilación auricular (FA) que sufrieron un accidente cerebrovascular agudo de cualquier tipo en nuestro centro de ictus. Se recogió la información demográfica, las puntuaciones de riesgo CHA2DS2-VASc y HAS-BLED, los hallazgos ecocardiográficos y de laboratorio, los factores de riesgo, la puntuación de Rankin modificada y la información sobre la modalidad del tratamiento del ictus en fase aguda. El uso de los ACOD se clasificó como inapropiado (por falta de adherencia autodeclarada o por dosificación incorrecta de los ACOD) o apropiado.

Resultados

Se incluyó en el análisis a 77 pacientes con ictus a pesar de tratamiento con ACOD. De ellos, 28 (36%) recibieron un tratamiento inapropiado (20 de ellos por dosificación inadecuada). Estos pacientes tendían a ser de mayor edad (p=0,06) y presentaban unos niveles de creatinina inferiores a los del grupo que recibió ACOD apropiado (0,9 frente a 1; p=0,01). Al alta hospitalaria tras el ictus índice, se adminitró tratamiento anticoagulante a 75 pacientes (enoxaparina, n=5; warfarina, n=10; ACOD, n=60). Dos pacientes fallecieron y en 20 se añadió tratamiento antiagregante plaquetario a la medicación anticoagulante. El ACOD preferido tras un ictus fue apixabán (n=27), seguido de rivaroxabán (n=16), dabigatrán (n=14) y edoxabán (n=3).

Conclusiones

No existe un modelo estandarizado ni consenso entre los médicos respecto al tratamiento con ACOD tras un ictus. A pesar de un uso correcto de estos fármacos, siguen produciéndose accidentes cerebrovasculares en algunos pacientes. Un 25% de los ictus guardan relación con una dosificación inadecuada.

Palabras clave:
Datos del mundo real
Ictus recurrente
Anticoagulantes orales no antagonistas de la vitamina K
Anticoagulantes orales directos

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