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Artículo original
Available online 5 August 2026
Nuevo enfoque diagnóstico diferencial del rodete septobasal como fenocopia de miocardiopatía hipertrófica
New diagnostic approach to the differential diagnosis of the basal septal bulge as a phenocopy of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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María Paneloa,b,
Corresponding author
mpanelo@scias.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Yoel Tuya-Acostac, E. Javier Alderete-Parisia, Diana García-del-Barco Herrerad,e, Alicia Maceiraf,g
a Unidad de Imagen Cardiovascular, Ascires Biomedical Group, Barcelona, España
b Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital de Barcelona (SCIAS), Barcelona, España
c Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital de Martorell, Martorell, Barcelona, España
d Neuroprotection Project, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology (CIBG), Havana, Cuba
e Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center Yongzhou Zhon Gu Biotechnology Co. LTD., Yongzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hunan Province, China
f Unidad de Imagen Cardiovascular, Ascires Biomedical Group, Valencia, España
g Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad UCH-CEU, Valencia, España
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Introducción y objetivos

La resonancia magnética cardiaca (RMC) y el electrocardiograma son fundamentales en el diagnóstico diferencial entre la miocardiopatía hipertrófica (MCH) y sus fenocopias. El rodete septal basal (RSB) como fenocopia de MCH carece de criterios diagnósticos establecidos. El objetivo fue caracterizar los hallazgos electrocardiográficos y de RMC del RSB y diferenciarlos de la MCH verdadera.

Métodos

Estudio observacional retrospectivo unicéntrico. De 1.425 RMC consecutivas se seleccionaron las solicitadas por sospecha de MCH. El RSB se definió como hipertrofia septal basal focal con grosor ≥12mm y relación septo proximal/medio1,3 por RMC. El grupo MCH (n=24) requirió grosor ≥15mm o relación apical/basal>1, más ≥2 de 4 criterios (genética, electrocardiograma, morfología patognomónica y caracterización tisular). El análisis estadístico incluyó pruebas univariantes y multivariantes.

Resultados

Se diagnosticaron 76 pacientes con RSB y 24 con MCH. El electrocardiograma miocardiopático estuvo ausente en todos los RSB y presente en el 95% de las MCH. El patrón RS septal fue el más frecuente en RSB (31,3%). La angulación aortoseptal grave (≥270°) resultó más prevalente en RSB (54,6% frente a 8,6%; OR=12,66; p<0,0001). El realce tardío fue casi exclusivo de MCH (79% frente a 11,9%; OR=0,031; p=0,0001). El modelo multivariante mostró excelente capacidad discriminatoria (AUC=0,972; sensibilidad: 95,9%; especificidad: 85,7%).

Conclusiones

Los hallazgos electrocardiográficos y de RMC permiten diferenciar robustamente el RSB de la MCH verdadera y respaldan criterios diagnósticos específicos para esta entidad.

Palabras clave:
Miocardiopatía hipertrófica
Fenocopia
Rodete septal basal
Hipertrofia ventricular izquierda
Resonancia magnética cardiaca
Abreviaturas:
MCH
RMC
RSB
RSB/MCH
SAM
TSVI
Abstract
Introduction and objectives

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and electrocardiography are essential for the differential diagnosis between hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and its phenocopies. Basal septal bulge (BSB) as an HCM phenocopy lacks established diagnostic criteria. This study aimed to characterize the electrocardiographic and CMR findings of BSB and differentiate it from true HCM.

Methods

Single-center retrospective observational study. Among 1425 consecutive CMR examinations, those requested for suspected HCM were selected. BSB was defined as focal basal septal hypertrophy with wall thickness ≥ 12mm and a proximal-to-mid septal thickness ratio ≥ 1.3 on CMR. The HCM group (n=24) required wall thickness ≥ 15mm or an apical-to-basal ratio> 1, plus ≥ 2 of 4 criteria (genetics, electrocardiography, pathognomonic morphology and tissue characterization). Statistical analysis included univariable and multivariable analyses.

Results

Seventy-six patients were diagnosed with BSB and 24 with HCM. A pathological electrocardiogram was absent in all BSB patients and present in 95% of those with HCM. The septal RS pattern was the most common finding in BSB (31.3%). Severe aortoseptal angulation (≥ 270°) was more prevalent in BSB (54.6% vs 8.6%; OR, 12.66; P <.0001). Late gadolinium enhancement was almost exclusive to HCM (79% vs 11.9%; OR, 0.031; P=.0001). The multivariable model showed excellent discriminatory performance (AUC=0.972; sensitivity 95.9%; specificity 85.7%).

Conclusions

Electrocardiographic and CMR findings reliably distinguish BSB from true HCM and support specific diagnostic criteria for this entity.

Keywords:
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Phenocopy
Basal septal bulge
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Cardiac magnetic resonance

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